国是访问丨全球通胀高企，2023年如何稳物价？******
文/刘文文
国际涨、国内稳，这是2022年中国物价运行情况的真实写照。
过去一年，中国物价总水平持续平稳运行，国内CPI单月涨幅始终运行在3%以下，全年上涨2%，大幅低于美国8%左右、欧元区8%以上、英国9%左右等发达经济体涨幅，也明显低于印度、巴西、南非等新兴经济体7%-10%(1-11月份)的涨幅。
这一成绩意味着什么？中国为保供稳价作了哪些努力？2023年如何继续稳物价？
中国宏观经济研究院综合形势研究室主任、研究员郭丽岩接受中新社国是直通车专访强调，中国有底气、有能力保持物价总水平基本稳定。
CPI上涨2%意味着什么？
郭丽岩指出，在欧美等经济体通胀“高烧不退”背景下，中国持续稳定物价运行的努力与成效令全球瞩目。
2022年全年，中国CPI同比上涨2%，持续运行在合理区间，剔除食品和能源的核心CPI则一直在1%左右的相对低位。
郭丽岩指出，中国能够维持住相对较低的物价水平，在当前是十分难得的宏观经济治理绩效，与陷入高通胀甚至是恶性通胀的其他经济体形成鲜明对比。
2022年以来，欧美等经济体CPI连创40年来的历史新高，虽然近期有所回落，但2022年12月份欧元区CPI同比上涨9.2%，美国CPI同比上升6.5%，仍处于高位运行。此外，土耳其、阿根廷等新兴市场经济体更是出现了持续的恶性通胀。
保供稳价中国如何出招？
在郭丽岩看来，中国保持物价基本稳定的主要原因和经验，就是坚持以人民为中心的发展思想，强化粮食、能源产供储销体系建设，加大保供稳价工作力度，切实兜住兜牢民生底线。
首先是重要民生商品的保供稳价，不断完善价格调控机制。压实“菜篮子”市长负责制。在提升本地自主保障能力的同时，促进产销衔接，强化主产区和主销区之跨区合作，共担保供稳价责任。产地采购、道路运输、终端配送各环节保通保畅。健全成品粮油、猪肉、北方城市冬春耐储蔬菜等储备并充实在库，增强储备调节能力。
其次是基础能源的保供稳价，立足国情，以煤炭为“锚”，构建保供稳价体系，有序释放煤炭优质产能，健全煤炭产供储销体系，完善煤电价格形成机制，压实保供稳价责任，有力维护了能源领域产业链供应链稳定运行。
此外，2022年阶段性调整价格补贴联动机制，降低启动条件，扩大保障范围，全年各地累计发放价格临时补贴数十亿元。
2023年物价能否稳住？
进入2023年，国际大宗商品价格可能高位波动，输入性通胀压力仍然存在，中国如何进一步稳住物价？
郭丽岩表示，当前稳定物价总水平的基础坚实，2022年已经实现了3%左右的年度物价调控目标，展望今年，中国稳物价的底气和能力进一步增强。
一方面，中国经济长期向好的基本面没有变，预计2023年经济整体回升；产业体系韧性足，市场潜力空间大，内需对经济增长的支撑动能将进一步增强，能够有力对冲和化解不利冲击。
另一方面，中国坚决不搞“大水漫灌”强刺激，稳健的货币政策精准有力，能够为实体经济提供更有力和更高质量的支撑，同时也为稳定物价提供良好的宏观环境。特别是粮油肉蛋奶蔬果等重要民生商品保供稳价调控机制不断完善，调控能力不断提升。
“总体而言，我们有底气、有能力保持物价总水平基本稳定。”郭丽岩说。
中新网评：处理核污水绝不是日本自家私事****** 中新网北京1月19日电(蒋鲤)日本政府近日称，将于2023年春夏期间开始向海洋排放经过处理的福岛第一核电站核污水。日本罔顾国内民众及周边国家的屡屡反对，企图将核污水“一倒了之”，把一件关乎全球海洋生态环境和公众健康的事当成了自家私事。  资料图：日本福岛第一核电站。2011年，福岛核电站事故发生后，大量放射性物质泄漏到大气层和太平洋，对周围环境造成了难以逆转的伤害，数十万人被迫撤离该地区。时至今日，作为日本邻国之一的韩国仍未解除福岛海鲜禁令。 日本以核污水存储能力即将达到上限为由，在2021年4月13日，正式决定将福岛第一核电站核污水排入太平洋。过去一年多，日本政府和东京电力公司一直在持续推进核污水排海计划。 日本政府辩称，这些核污水经多核素处理系统(ALPS)处理后很安全，甚至“可以喝”，这样的表态无疑在愚弄大众。 事实上，经过处理的核污水仍含有多种放射性物质，核污水一旦排放入海就无法回收，长期来看，将会给海洋生态带来难以估量的潜在威胁，最终危害人类健康。 因此，核污水排海计划推出后，遭到日本民众强烈反对。日本《朝日新闻》2022年3月公布的问卷调查显示，福岛县、宫城县和岩手县受访的42个市町村长中，约六成反对东京电力公司福岛第一核电站核污水排放入海。日本全国渔业协会联合会也多次申明立场，反对该计划。 日本政府认为，核污水排海是最便宜、最省事的解决方案，但此举却将周边国家乃至全世界置于核污染风险中。太平洋非日本一家之海，核污水会随着洋流流动，其影响势必会跨越国界，危害周边国家乃至整个国际社会的公共福祉和利益。 《韩国经济新闻》发文称，相关研究认为，福岛核污水如果排放入海，约7个月后将到达济州等韩国海域，该国水产业和旅游业将遭受相当大的损失。 德国南极海洋机构也曾发出警告，若日本将所有核污水排入海中，不到半年，整个太平洋都将面临高度辐射威胁，包括远在大洋另一端的美国。太平洋地区人民更是对日本该计划持反对意见。 日本作为《联合国海洋法公约》缔约国，有义务保护海洋环境。然而，在核污水排海方案的正当性、核污水数据的可靠性、净化装置的有效性、环境影响的不确定性等问题上，日本未能作出科学、可信的说明。 国际原子能机构技术工作组虽已三次赴日实地考察评估，但尚未就日排海方案的安全性给出结论，并且对日本提出诸多澄清要求和整改意见。在此情况下，日本仍执意推进核污水排海工程建设，这是极不负责任的行为。 太平洋不是日本的下水道，日本必须正视各方合理关切，在与周边国家等相关利益方和国际原子能机构充分协商后，制定合理的核污水处理方案。日本也要着眼长远，若只顾眼前，执意将核污水排放入海，不仅其自身，周边国家乃至全世界都将为之买单，其后果必将会危害数代人。  Fukushima water disposal by no means Japan’s own business By John Lee (ECNS) -- Japan has announced it will release treated wastewater from the wrecked Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant into the Pacific Ocean this year. Although Fukushima wastewater disposal affects global marine ecological environment protection and public health, Japan has turned a deaf ear to domestic and international opposition to dumping the contaminated water into the sea, treating the "global" matter as its own business. The Fukushima accident in 2011 had sent large quantities of radiation into the atmosphere and the Pacific Ocean, causing irreversible damage to the surrounding environment, and hundreds of thousands of people were forced to evacuate the area. South Korea still maintains its import ban on Japanese seafood from areas affected by the Fukushima nuclear disaster. On April 13, 2021, Japan announced it had decided to discharge contaminated radioactive wastewater in Fukushima Prefecture into the sea due to dwindling storage space, with the Japanese government and plant operator Tokyo Electric Power Company Holdings Inc. promoting the release plan over the past year. The Japanese government argues that the water treated by an advanced liquid processing system, or ALPS, is safe and drinkable, which is undoubtedly fooling the public. In fact, the treated wastewater still includes a variety of radioactive substances and can’t be recycled once discharged into the sea, which will pose a great threat to marine ecology and ultimately endanger human health in the long run. Therefore, the discharge plan has been strongly opposed in Japan. According to a questionnaire conducted by The Asahi Shimbun, nearly 60 percent of mayors of 42 municipalities in Iwate, Miyagi and Fukushima prefectures oppose the discharge plan. The National Fisheries Cooperative Federation of Japan has also repeatedly stated its opposition in public. The Japanese government believes that dumping Fukushima wastewater into the sea is the cheapest and most convenient solution, but neighboring countries and even the whole world will be at risk of nuclear pollution. The Pacific Ocean doesn’t belong to Japan and the wastewater flow along oceanic currents will surely break boundaries and endanger public welfare and the interests of neighboring countries and even the international community. The Korea Economic Daily reported that related research concluded that if contaminated water from Fukushima is released into the ocean, it would only take seven months for the contaminated water to reach the shores of Jeju Island, with the country's aquaculture and tourism suffering considerable losses. According to the calculation of a German marine scientific research institute, radioactive materials will spread to most of the Pacific Ocean within half a year from the date of discharge, and the U.S. and Canada will be affected by nuclear pollution. People in the Pacific region also oppose the discharge plan. As a participant of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, Japan has the obligation of protecting the marine environment. However, it hasn’t offered a full and convincing explanation on issues like the legitimacy of the discharge plan, the reliability of data on the nuclear-contaminated water, the efficacy of the treatment system or the uncertainty of environmental impact. Though the IAEA has yet to complete a comprehensive review after three investigations in Japan, the Japanese side has been pushing through the approval process for its discharge plan and even started building facilities for the discharge. It is rather irresponsible for Japan to act against public opinion at home and concerns abroad. The Pacific Ocean is not a private Japanese sewer. The country must seriously heed the voices of the international community and make a reasonable plan for the Fukushima wastewater disposal after full consultation with stakeholders and international agencies. If it only seeks instant interest and insists on discharging the contaminated water into the sea, not only itself, but also its neighboring countries and the entire world will pay for the decision and several generations will be forced to bear the consequence. 
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